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What is Zakat ?
The Meaning of Zakat
1. Linguistic Meaning
Linguistically, the word "Zakat" literally means growth, increase, and purification.
- When referring to a person, the phrase Zakka Nafsahu means to improve and develop oneself.
- According to Ibn Taymiyyah, Zakat conveys the idea of elevating the spiritual state of the Zakat payer and purifying their wealth.
- The primary reason for the obligation of Zakat is clearly stated in the Holy Quran: "Take from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase, and invoke blessings upon them." (At-Tawbah: 103)
2. Legal Meaning in Islamic Jurisprudence
In Islamic law, Zakat is defined as an act of worship (Ibadah) performed through one's wealth, and it is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. The key conditions are as follows:
- Who must pay: Every Muslim whose wealth meets or exceeds the minimum threshold, known as Nisab.
- How to pay: The person must give a specified portion of their wealth at a prescribed rate, either personally or through an authorized representative.
- Who receives it: The wealth must be distributed exclusively to one or more of the eight categories of recipients as specifically defined in Islamic law.
Footnote
(1) Sayed Sikandar Shah Haneef and Mek Wor Mahmud, Issues in Contemporary Zakah: A Juristic Analytical Evaluation (Kuala Lumpur: IIUM Press, 2011), 1.
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